Abstract:Sensor network, which is made by the convergence of sensor, embedded computing system, distributed information processing and wireless communication technologies, is a novel technology about acquiring and processing information. Ad hoc network is a mobile, multi-hop and autonomous decentralized system. Both networks have great application potential. The concepts, characteristics and development status of the sensor networks and Ad hoc networks are introduced. The paper thinks that the sensor network dominates in special application fields while the Ad hoc network without fixed infrastructure supports wireless transmission between mobile nodes under bad environments. The research on the sensor and Ad hoc networks arenecessary for the development of high technologies in both civil and military fields of China.
Key words:wireless sensor network; Ad hoc network; distributed architecture
2 自组织网络
自组织网络是一种没有预定基础设施支撑的自组织可重构的多跳无线网络。在该网络中,网络的拓扑、信道的环境、业务的模式是随节点的移动而动态改变的。该网络可以快速地为民用和军事应用建立通信平台。在2002年5月IEEE通信杂志为庆祝IEEE通信分会成立50周年出版的专刊上,Ramanathan和Redi博士为移动无线分布式网络进行了设想:“一个‘全球化的信息空间’的理想王国,在这里所有网络设备形成一个巨大的无线自组织网络,它使用非执照频谱资源并无须现有的网络设施作支撑。就如同互连网络在WEB服务出现的20年前就已经存在一样,也许一个令人意外的‘杀手级应用’就会打造出自组织网络的未来”[13]。自组织网络从产生至今(其历史可以追溯到1972年美国DoD(Department of Defense)支撑的分组无线网(PRNET)[14],一直得到了广泛的重视。目前自组织网络已经与2.5G和3G移动通信进行了有效的结合,而大规模宽带无线自适应自组织网络将会成为宽带无线通信或未来移动通信的重要形式。
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