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[技术讨论] [转帖]光纤通信的概述 [复制链接]

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亚星游戏官网-yaxin222  中士

注册:2007-3-16
发表于 2007-3-16 15:02:00 |显示全部楼层
&nbsp;<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">一、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">概述</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">当今世界,光纤通信已成为通信的主要手段。同时,光纤通讯技术也在飞速的发展,使得光纤传输系统以其众多的优点,赢得了大家的青睐。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">光纤传输系统具有以下显著优点:容量大、传输距离远。光纤理论带宽可达</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">20000GHz</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">,无中继传输距离可达</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">50-80</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">公里。由玻璃制成,抗电磁干扰、传输质量好,可用于电力网和变电所内等强电磁环境中。光纤重量轻,可以弯曲,易于铺设。可节约贵重金属,且抗腐蚀能力很强。制作光纤的原料丰富,随着工艺的进步、规模的扩大,其成本进一步下降,整个传输系统的成本也低。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">二、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">光纤传输系统概况</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">光纤传输即是以光波为载频,以光导纤维为传输介质的一种通信方式,因其拥有传输频带宽、信号损耗低、抗干扰能力强、重量轻等优点。光纤通信在近二十年来得到了飞速的发展。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">、光纤的结构</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">光纤裸纤一般分为三层:中心高折射率玻璃芯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">芯径一般为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">50</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">62.5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">μ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">m)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">,中间为低折射率硅玻璃包层</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">直径一般为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">125</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">μ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">m)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">,最外是加强用的树脂涂层。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">、光纤的分类</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">按传输模式来划分:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">单模光纤(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">Single-mode</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">单模光纤只传输主模,由于完全避免了模式色散,使得单模光纤的传输频带很宽,因而适用于大容量、长距离的传输系统。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">多模光纤(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">Multi-mode</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">多模光纤有多个模式在光纤中传输,由于色散和相差,其传输性能较差、频带较窄、容量小、距离也较短。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2) </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">按折射率分布来划分:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">多模光纤可分为:阶跃型(突变型)和梯度型(渐变型、自聚焦型)。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">单模光纤则为阶跃型。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">、常用光纤规格</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">单模:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">8/125</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">μ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">m</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">9/125</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">μ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">m</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">10/125</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">μ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">m<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">多模:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">50/125</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">μ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">m </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">欧洲标准;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">62.5/125</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">μ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">m </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">美国标准</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">工业,医疗和低速网络:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">100/140</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">μ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">m</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">200/230</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">μ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">m<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">塑料:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">98/1000</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">μ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">m </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">用于汽车控制。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">、光纤的衰减</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">造成光纤衰减的主要因素有:本征,弯曲,挤压,杂质,不均匀和对接等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">本征:是光纤的固有损耗,包括:瑞利散射,固有吸取等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">弯曲:光纤弯曲时部分光纤内的光会因散射而损失掉,造成的损耗。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">挤压:光纤受到挤压时产生微小的弯曲而造成的损耗。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">杂质:光纤内杂质吸取和散射在光纤中传播的光,造成的损失。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">不均匀:光纤材料的折射率不均匀造成的损耗。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">对接:光纤对接时产生的损耗,如:不同轴</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">单模光纤同轴度要求小于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">0.8</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">μ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">m)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">,端面与轴心不垂直,端面不平,对接心径不匹配和熔接质量差等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">、光纤传输系统原理</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">光传输系统由三部分组成:光源(光发送机),传输介质、检测器(光接收机)。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">按传输信号划分,可分为数字传输系统和模拟传输系统。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">在模拟传输系统中,是把输入信号变为传输信号的振幅(频率或相位)的连续变化。光纤的模拟传输系统是把光强进行模拟调制,其光源的调制功率随调制信号的幅度变化而变化。但由于光源的非线性较严重,因此其信噪比、传输距离和传输频率都十分有限。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">数字传输系统是把输入的信号变换成“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">”,“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">0</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">”表示的脉冲信号,并以它作为传输信号。在接受端再把它还原成原来的信息。这样光源的非线性对数字码流影响很小,再加上数字通信可以采用一些编码纠错的方法,且易于实现多路复用,因此数字传输系统占有很大的优势,并在很多地方得到了广泛的应用。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">三、数字视频光传输概况</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">目前在高速公路、交通、电子警察、监控、安防、工业自动化、电力、海关、水利、银行等领域视频图像、音频、数据、以太网、电话等光端机开始普遍大量应用。初期主要以模拟调频、调幅、调相的模拟光端机为主,但数字代替模拟是光纤通信技术的发展趋势。由于数字光端机具有传输信号质量高,没有模拟调频、调相、调幅光端机多路信号同传时的交调干扰严重、容易受环境影响、传输质量低劣、长期工作稳定性差的缺点,因此许多大型重点工程已普遍采用数字光端机。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">人们早就知道数字通信具有许多优点,它最适于长途通信。由于数字信号在传输过程中可以不断地通过整形和判决再生,因此它可以实现无噪声积累和无非线性失真的高质量长途传输。光纤所具有的极宽传输带宽和极小传输损耗,使数字通信的广泛应用成为可能。数字视频光传输与传统的模拟光传输相比,具有如下显著特性:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">可级联,随距离的增加,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">SNR</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">信噪比不会下降。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">由于是数字传输方式,采用数字编码纠错方式,具有高稳定性和高可靠性。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">多路信号同传时,采用数字时分复用技术(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">TMD</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">),不会产生模拟传输时的交调失真。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">稳定性好,环境适应性高,比模拟传输系统易于维护与调节。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">易于实现大容量传输,且性价比高。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 6</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">采用无压缩编码,图像信号质量高,达广播级。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; STF</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">系列数字视频光端机采用国际最先进的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">10</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">位数字视频编码技术,图像信号可达广播级质量。视频格式兼容</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">亚星游戏官网-yaxin222AL</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">NTSC</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">SECAM</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">制式。可采用独立式,插卡式</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">配插卡机箱</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">安装方式。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;STF</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">系列数字视频光端机可使用一根光纤同时传输多达</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">8</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">路视频(采用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">CWDM</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">可达</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">64</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">路)以及多路双向音频和多路双向数据。数据格式有:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">RS-232</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">RS-422</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">RS-485</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;\000B &quot;; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">Manchester</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;\000B &quot;;">码。其前面板上有电源指示及工作状态指示。该系列数字视频光端机性能优异,是一种可靠性高、性价比好的远距离光传输系统。</span></p>

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